The Ultrasonic Sensor is one of the two sensors that give your robot vision [The Light Sensor is the other]. The Ultrasonic Sensor enables your robot to see and detect objects. You can also use it to make your robot avoid obstacles, sense and measure distance, and detect movement.

The Ultrasonic Sensor measures distance in centimeters and in inches. It is able to measure distances from 0 to 255 centimeters with a precision of +/- 3 cm.

The Ultrasonic Sensor uses the same scientific principle as bats: it measures distance by calculating the time it takes for a sound wave to hit an object and return – just like an echo.

Large sized objects with hard surfaces return the best readings. Objects made of soft fabric or that are curved [like a ball] or are very thin or small can be difficult for the sensor to detect.

*Note that two or more Ultrasonic Sensors operating in the same room may interrupt each other’s readings.

Test it!
Test the Ultrasonic Sensor’s ability to measure distance:

1. Connect the Ultrasonic Sensor to the NXT
2. Select the View submenu on the NXT. Select the Ultrasonic Sensor icon and the port where you’ve connect the sensor.
3. Measure the distance to an object. For example, move your hand closer to the sensor and watch the readings change.